Yes friend iam talking about the future which is not so far from us
where we can re grow our body parts which is lost. Dont think iam
lieing this type of recreation is done by a animal on earth,the
salamander which is the hot spot of the mordern science. In this post
i will tell how about how it regrow its parts but fist of all i want
tell you about the salamander's fist.
Classification of salamander:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Superorder: Batrachia
Order:Caudata
Scopoli, 1777
How it does it :
If a salamander gets in a fight, it may surrender its tail to the
enemy as a defense mechanism. After all, in a few weeks time, it can
grow a new one. This is a pretty complex process, but in a nutshell,
regeneration involves shuffling around the cellsat the wound site and
assigning them a new specialization.
Within in the first hours after getting a body part lobbed off, the
salamander's epidermal cells in the area migrate to cover the open
flesh. That layer of cells gradually thickens in the following days,
forming the apical epithelial cap [source: Muneoka, Han and Gardiner].
Cells within the salamander's tissues called fibroblasts also
congregate beneath that epidermal covering. Fibroblasts are
undifferentiated, which means that they're free to become multiple
types of cells, depending on which body part needs replacing.
After that initial phase, the blastema develops from the mass of
fibroblasts; the blastema will eventually become the replacement body
part. Researchers recently discovered that the expression of a protein
called nAG kick-starts blastema growth [source: Kumar et al]. The
blastema is sort of like a mass of human stem cellsin that it has the
potential to grow into various limbs, organs and tissues. But how does
the salamander's body know what needs replacing? The genetic coding in
the blastema contains a positional memory about the location and type
of missing body part. That data is stored in the Hox genes in the
fibroblast cells [source: Muneoka, Han and Gardiner].
While this is happening, capillaries and blood vesselsare regenerating
into the blastema. As the blastema cells divide and multiply, the
resulting mass becomes a bud of undifferentiated cells. In order for
that mound to become a full-fledged limb, tail or other body part, it
must receive stimulation from nerves [source: Kumar et al]. However,
when salamanders drop their tails, they lose not only flesh but also
nerves. That means that nerve axon regeneration is happening at the
wound site in tandem with tissue, bone and muscleregeneration.
From there, the cells differentiate and create the appropriate body
part. As part of that positional memory in the fibroblast cells, the
blastema knows to grow in the proper sequence to avoid defective
regeneration. For example, if a salamander loses a foot at its ankle,
the blastema will develop outward to form a foot instead of an entire
leg.
With the salamander as the blueprint, scientists hope to someday
engineer blastemas from human cells. Until then, our amphibian friends
are still the reigning regenerators of the animal kingdom
